The book by Rick Viscomi, Andy Davies, Marcel Duran, “Using WebPageTest Web Performance Testing for Novices and Power Users” contains the information you’re looking for. Nowhere else on the internet is this information available afaik and I’ve been looking for the exact same thing for a few days now.
Most metrics are in milliseconds, some are counts (requests) and the bytes are in bytes (may be KB but pretty sure it’s bytes). You can verify by looking at the UI for a given test.
The visual metrics (start render, visually complete, speed index, etc) are calculated using video capture of the browser viewport and only measure the visible part of the viewport.